Ovarian cancer is often referred to as the "silent killer" because it tends to cause few noticeable symptoms in its early stages. Unfortunately, this can make early detection challenging. The symptoms of ovarian cancer can be vague and easily confused with other common conditions. However, as the disease progresses, symptoms may become more apparent. Common symptoms of ovarian cancer include:
 |
| How is ovarian cancer usually detected, and what are the symptoms? |
Abdominal or Pelvic Pain: Persistent pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis is a common symptom, especially if it's new or unexplained.
Bloating: Women with ovarian cancer may experience persistent bloating that does not go away after normal digestive processes.
Difficulty Eating or Feeling Full Quickly: A decrease in appetite or feeling full after eating a small amount can be a symptom of ovarian cancer.
Frequent Urination: Some women with ovarian cancer report an increased need to urinate, often without an actual increase in fluid intake.
Changes in Bowel Habits: Ovarian cancer can lead to changes in bowel movements, such as diarrhea or constipation.
Unexplained Weight Loss: Sudden, unexplained weight loss is a concerning symptom, particularly when it occurs without changes in diet or physical activity.
Fatigue: Persistent fatigue or a general feeling of low energy can be associated with ovarian cancer.
It's important to note that these symptoms can be caused by various conditions other than ovarian cancer. They can also be related to noncancerous conditions like irritable bowel syndrome or other gynecological issues. However, if you experience these symptoms, especially if they are new, severe, and persistent, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider for a thorough evaluation.
Early detection of ovarian cancer is challenging due to the lack of specific symptoms and reliable screening tests. Routine pelvic examinations and Pap smears do not effectively screen for ovarian cancer. Some diagnostic tests that may be used if ovarian cancer is suspected include:
Transvaginal Ultrasound: This test uses sound waves to create images of the ovaries and is often used in initial evaluations.
CA-125 Blood Test: CA-125 is a protein that can be elevated in the blood of some women with ovarian cancer. However, it is not specific to ovarian cancer and can be elevated in other conditions.
CT Scan or MRI: These imaging tests may be used to evaluate the extent of the disease.
Ultimately, a definitive diagnosis of ovarian cancer typically requires a surgical procedure, such as a laparoscopy or laparotomy, during which a biopsy is taken and the extent of the disease is assessed.
Due to the challenges in early detection, it's important for women to be aware of the risk factors for ovarian cancer and to discuss any concerning symptoms with a healthcare provider. Women at higher risk, such as those with a family history of the disease, may benefit from more frequent screening and closer monitoring.