Genital herpes is primarily caused by infection with the herpes simplex virus (HSV). There are two main types of herpes simplex viruses that can cause genital herpes:
HSV-2 (Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2): This is the most common cause of genital herpes. HSV-2 is typically transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, or oral sex. It results in sores and blisters in the genital and anal areas.
HSV-1 (Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1): While HSV-1 is more commonly associated with oral herpes (cold sores), it can also cause genital herpes. This can occur through oral-genital contact, such as when a person with an active oral herpes outbreak engages in oral sex.
Genital herpes is highly contagious, and it can be spread from one person to another through direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected person's genitals, anal area, or mouth, even if the infected person is not experiencing visible symptoms. The virus can be transmitted through sexual contact or through close personal contact, such as kissing or touching the affected areas.
The following factors can increase the risk of acquiring or transmitting genital herpes:
Unprotected Sexual Activity: Engaging in sexual intercourse without the use of condoms or dental dams can increase the risk of HSV transmission.
Multiple Sexual Partners: Having multiple sexual partners can increase the risk of exposure to the virus.
Having a Partner with Herpes: Having a sexual partner who is infected with HSV increases the risk of transmission, particularly if proper precautions are not taken.
Weakened Immune System: People with weakened immune systems due to conditions like HIV, cancer, or certain medications may be more susceptible to herpes outbreaks and complications.
Pregnancy and Childbirth: Pregnant women with genital herpes can transmit the virus to their newborn during childbirth, which can lead to serious health issues in the infant.
It's important to be aware of the risk factors and practice safe sex to reduce the risk of genital herpes transmission. If you suspect you have genital herpes or have been exposed to the virus, it's essential to seek medical advice and get tested for a proper diagnosis and guidance on managing the condition. Antiviral medications prescribed by a healthcare provider can help manage the symptoms and reduce the risk of transmission to sexual partners.